Development Chemicals for Film & X-ray Film (Sodium Erythorbate)
Erythorbate has historically found special application in photographic chemistry. In 1950’s, a patent disclosed that the developing rate of solutions containing the erythorbic acid can be markedly accelerated by the addition of 3-pyrazolidone compounds. An added feature of these developers is their stability. Another advantageous characteristic of this developer composition is that it shows little tendency for the formation of silver sludge or for the formation of dichroic stain on silver images.
The high sensitivity of the erythorbate based developing solution allows a reduced replenishment rate per unit area of photographic material and consequently lowers the waste solution. In addition to its reducing function, erythorbate compounds are also useful in the photographic industry as chelators.
Scientists are continuing to develop environmentally benign photographic developers by replacing hydroquinone with sodium erythorbate. PMP fermentation Products, Inc. is also striving to optimize the form and quality of its sodium erythorbate for this special application.
Concrete & Terrazzo Flooring (Sodium Gluconate)
Sodium gluconate is widely used in the concrete industry in several applications. One of the reasons gluconate finds favor over other materials is its uniform quality and consistent performance.
The advantages of gluconate include:
- Reducing water without sacrificing workability and strength.
- Retarding setting time and improving workability without Increasing water addition.
This will aid in difficult conditions, such as, long hauling times, hot summer days or
tropical weather operations and placement of concrete in large areas.
- Improving resistance of freeze-thawing.
- Decreased bleeding, segregation, drying shrinkage and cracking.
As a water reducer, sodium gluconate allows better workability of the concrete mix and provides increased slump. By careful modification of the water-cement ratio and the addition of sodium gluconate, adjustments can be made to increase strength of the structure or actually reduce the cement content while maintaining the original strength. Besides its wetting agent function, sodium gluconate is a good retarder.
Gluconates along with certain materials have also been found to inhibit corrosion with used in reinforced concrete structures.
Boiler Treatments (Sodium Erythorbate)
Potential corrosion problems in boiler systems are an important concern to boiler operators because of their impact on energy efficiency, economics of operation and safety. Corrosion reactions in boiler systems are affected by many parameters, such as oxygen content, water pH, temperature, pressure, water flow velocity and the formation of certain types of salts and scales. Boiler water treatment chemicals are designed to protect the boiler from corrosion, hardness scale deposits, oxygen induced corrosion, pH variations, etc. Sodium erythorbate is a water soluble antioxidant which can be used in various food and industrial applications. The industrial utilization of sodium erythorbate is increasing because of its recognized safety and environmental friendliness.
Sodium erythorbate is selected as an additive for boiler water based on four key properties:
- non toxic
- oxygen scavenger
- reducing agent
- passivation agent
Drilling Fluids (Sodium Erythorbate)
The special structure of sodium erythorbate allows it to serve as :
- oxygen scavenger
- chelating agent
- reducing agent
These three functions interact to improve several processes in the use of drilling fluids. Sodium erythorbate has been identified as a very effective corrosion inhibitor for use in drilling fluid. In low temperature reservoirs, sodium erythorbate can be used as a gel breaker for gels prepared from water-soluble gums. It can be used as a accelerator as well as a retarder during different procedures of drilling. For treating sour wells, erythorbate can be combined with EDTA.
Plastics (Sodium Gluconate)
Gluconate anion is often added in the form of sodium gluconate in condensation polymer manufacturing processes to form water soluble complexes with a fraction of the multivalent transition metal cations. Complexation beneficially hinders transition metal salts from precipitating in the manufacturing equipment and from contaminating the polymer product.
Paints (Sodium Gluconate)
The addition of gluconate to highly alkaline paint strippers will increase their ability to remove enamels, lacquers, alkyds and modified epoxies. Gluconates improve the paint stripper’s penetration and softening characteristics, thereby, decreasing stripping time. Gluconates have the ability to solubilize the surface pigment adhering to metal after stripping, thus reducing subsequent stripping steps. Typical paint stripping formulations contain a high concentration of caustic soda with sodium gluconate. Small amounts of dispersants and wetting agents may be added. Sodium gluconate can be compounded into waterbase paints where it eliminates color differences between painted surfaces of wallboard and wallboard tape cement. It has the ability to prevent rust spotting when waterbase paints are applied to steel surfaces.
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